Final answer:
Early civilizations made production decisions through a system of specialization, exchange, and interdependence among individuals and groups.
Step-by-step explanation:
The early civilizations made production decisions through a system of specialization and exchange of goods and services. Individuals in these civilizations performed specific tasks such as farming, writing, or performing religious rituals. They relied on the exchange of goods and services to obtain necessary supplies. Production decisions were not based on advanced technology, market demand, or centralized planning by government authorities. Instead, they were made through a network of interdependence among different individuals and groups.