Final answer:
In conditional probability, you need to look at the number of participants meeting both conditions you're interested in, like no cell phone use while driving and no violations. An extremely low probability indicates a surprising result, while a moderate one like 0.2312 would not.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the probability of a specific condition, such as the likelihood that someone has not committed a violation while under the influence given that they had no violations in the past year, we utilize conditional probability. In this context, you need to first find the number of participants who do not use a cell phone while driving and had no violations in the past year.
You can use the given probabilities or counts from the columns of data relevant to these conditions to calculate the desired probability.
For example, if you have data showing that 280 out of 755 participants had no violations and also use their cell phone while driving, you would use these figures to find P(Person had no violation in the last year AND uses a cell phone while driving) = ≈ 0.3709.
However, when given a probability that seems extremely low or even practically zero, such as P(x>24) = 0, which indicates the probability of a very unlikely event occurring (like all 25 participants abstaining from using foil, which is almost zero), you should consider the result surprising. On the other hand, a probability of 0.2312 would not be considered particularly surprising.