Final answer:
The transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses is known as transduction, which is essential for sensory perception. Additionally, the cochlea is a key component of the ear involved in this process for hearing.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option that refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses is b) Transduction. All types of senses undergo sensory transduction by converting a stimulus into an electrical signal via the peripheral nervous system. This process allows sensory receptors to convert physical stimuli such as light, sound, or pressure into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain.
Decreased sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as d) Adaptation. This happens when sensory receptors become less responsive to a constant stimulus over time, which allows organisms to focus on changes in their environment that may be more significant or threatening.
After somatosensory transduction, the sensory signal travels through the brain as a(n) a) electrical signal. Finally, the b) cochlea contains receptors for the transduction of mechanical waves to produce electrical signals, playing a critical role in our ability to hear.