Final answer:
Conditions related to toenails include Subungual hematoma, Onychomycosis, and Onychogryphosis, which encompass trauma and infections of the nail, while other conditions listed involve the area around the toenail or the foot structure, but are not directly related to toenail health.
Step-by-step explanation:
Several conditions related to toenails include Subungual hematoma, which is a collection of blood under the nail due to trauma; Onychomycosis, a fungal infection of the nail; and Onychogryphosis, abnormal thickening and curvature of the nail. Friction blisters can occur on skin surrounding the nail due to rubbing and not directly on the nails. Hyperkeratosis is thickening of the skin and can affect the skin under the nail. Dermatophyte, yeast, and bacteria are infectious agents that can cause conditions such as dermatophyte nail infections (tinea unguium) and bacterial/fungal skin infections affecting nails. Capsulitis indicates inflammation of the joint capsule, not primarily a nail condition. Bursitis is inflammation of the bursa, also unrelated to nails. Conditions more distantly related to toenails include Calcaneal fat pad atrophy, which affects the heel; Mechanical or shear injury against bone prominence, which could potentially cause toenail damage secondary to repeated trauma. Understanding these ailments and their relation to toenails is essential for maintaining foot and nail health.