Final answer:
ACE inhibitors are drugs for high blood pressure with side effects that can range from fetal complications to irreversible conditions like prostate enlargement and impaired heart function. They may also cause gastrointestinal distress and increased cardiovascular risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
ACE inhibitors, which are used to treat hypertension or high blood pressure, can have several side effects. These medications work by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, reducing the latter's ability to increase blood pressure. However, they can lead to a range of side effects.
Some possible side effects of ACE inhibitors include:
- Increased risk of kidney dysfunction due to temporary vasoconstriction, potentially leading to fetal renal failure and oligohydramnios in pregnant individuals, which can then cause pulmonary hypoplasia and limb contracture.
- Fetal cranial bone abnormalities in pregnant individuals.
- Insomnia, depression, and prostate enlargement, some of which can be severe and irreversible.
- Potential impairment of heart function and complications such as testicular atrophy.
- Gastrointestinal issues like indigestion, heartburn, stomach pain, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation.
- Increased heart rate, hypertension, and an increased probability of heart attacks have also been documented as side effects.
It is essential for individuals taking ACE inhibitors to monitor these side effects closely with their healthcare provider.