Final answer:
The relative size of earthquake shock waves can be determined using the Richter scale, seismograph readings, Mercalli intensity scale, and epicenter depth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The relative size of the shock wave of earthquakes can be determined using different measurements:
(a) Richter scale:
The Richter scale measures the energy produced by an earthquake. It uses a logarithmic scale, where each whole number increase represents a tenfold increase in energy release. So, a magnitude 7 earthquake releases 10 times more energy than a magnitude 6 earthquake.
(b) Seismograph readings:
Seismographs measure the ground motion caused by an earthquake. The amplitude of the recorded seismic waves can give an indication of the size of the earthquake. Larger seismic amplitudes generally correspond to stronger earthquakes.
(c) Mercalli intensity:
The Mercalli intensity scale measures the effects of an earthquake, such as damage to buildings and infrastructure. It provides a qualitative assessment of the earthquake's impact, ranging from I (not felt) to XII (total destruction).
(d) Epicenter depth:
The depth of the earthquake's epicenter can also influence the size of the shock wave. A shallow earthquake can have a more significant impact on the surface than a deep earthquake.