Final answer:
The dorsal columns transmit sensory information, while the ventral columns transmit motor information in the spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
The dorsal columns and ventral columns are part of the spinal cord's white matter and are responsible for transmitting sensory and motor information to and from the brain.
The dorsal columns primarily carry information related to touch and proprioception. The axons of this pathway enter the dorsal column and are arranged in a positional manner, with axons from the lower body positioned medially and axons from the upper body positioned laterally.
The ventral columns, on the other hand, carry motor information from the brain to the muscles and organs in the body. They contain descending tracts that transmit motor commands from the brain to control movement and other bodily functions.