Final answer:
Disability is the term describing an individual's inability to perform major life activities like walking or self-care, often requiring adaptations such as those mandated by the Americans with Disabilities Act.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe the inability to perform major life activities such as walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, or taking care of oneself is disability. This can include a wide range of conditions and impairments, some of which are described in the question contexts. For example, the inability to recognize faces due to prosopagnosia, or the severe limitations of movement and sensation following a stroke or spinal cord injury, leading to paralysis. Individuals facing such challenges may have difficulty with social interaction or the performance of routine tasks. Notably, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requires that access be provided for people with disabilities, as indicated by the handicapped accessible sign.