Final answer:
Goa has the highest proportion of the urban population among the given options according to the 2011 Census, highlighting the nationwide trend of urbanization and a shift in demographics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options provided, Goa has the highest proportion of urban population according to the 2011 Census of India. As per the Census, the urbanization trends in India show that there is a significant rural-to-urban shift happening, with large cities like Mumbai leading due to their urbanized workforce and higher income levels. Factors like family size are decreasing in these urban areas, indicating a demographic transition towards stabilization.
While states like Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, and Kerala have seen substantial urban growth, Goa surpasses them with its higher percentage of urban population. This trend corroborates with the ongoing shifts within India's dynamic society where industrial and socioeconomic changes are ever-present, such as the industrial infrastructure moving away from traditional centers like Chennai.
In conclusion, the correct option is (d) Goa, which is known for its high urbanization alongside its popular coastal cities and tourism-driven economy.