Final answer:
Expressed powers are specific powers granted to Congress by the Constitution, including the abilities to issue money, tax, regulate trade, and declare war. They also have implied and inherent powers to support their constitutional duties and ensure effective governance.
Step-by-step explanation:
Expressed powers are those powers that the Constitution specifically grants to the federal government. When discussing the powers of Congress, these expressed powers are often referred to as enumerated powers and are detailed in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. These include the power to issue money, collect taxes, pay governmental debts, regulate trade among the states and with other nations, declare war, and raise and maintain an army and a navy. In addition to these powers, Congress also has the power to establish rules for naturalization, and the 'necessary and proper clause' allows them to enact legislation that is deemed necessary to carry out these expressed powers.
Congress also has implied powers, which are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, but are necessary to execute the enumerated powers. An example of an implied power is the prohibition of racial discrimination in transportation in an effort to regulate interstate commerce. Besides expressed and implied powers, Congress has certain inherent powers which are assumed to exist for the federal government to function effectively. These inherent powers include, but aren't limited to, controlling state borders, expanding territory, and defending the country from internal threats.