Final answer:
Studies have found that women typically score higher on social and emotional skills and tend to be more transformational and expressive leaders compared to men, who tend to be more transactional leaders. The correct option is (a).
Step-by-step explanation:
According to a study on leaders, it is generally found that women score higher on social and emotional skills than men. This is corroborated by a meta-analysis conducted by Eagly, Johannesen-Schmidt, & van Engen (2003), which found that women tend to practice an interpersonal style of leadership that focuses on the morale and welfare of the employees, and they tend to exhibit characteristics of transformational leaders. On the other hand, men were more likely to be transactional leaders. While these differences are not absolute, they reflect the natural strengths each gender may bring to a leadership role within their respective environments.
One important aspect that emerges from these studies is the stereotype that men are more instrumental leaders, while women are more expressive leaders. Expressive leadership is primarily concerned with promoting emotional strength and health, and ensuring people feel supported. This style is often found in social and religious leaders, as well as others who are seen as nurturing and empathetic figures in leadership positions.