Final answer:
Biomagnification involves the increase of toxic substances at each trophic level, eutrophication is the nutrient over-enrichment of water bodies causing algal blooms, and acid rain occurs when chemicals react with water and oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biomagnification describes the process whereby toxic substances increase along trophic levels of an ecosystem. Examples include substances like DDT, which accumulated in the bodies of apex consumers such as birds, leading to shell fragility and population declines. Eutrophication is the nutrient enrichment of water bodies, leading to algal blooms and subsequent negative effects like anoxia (oxygen depletion), affecting the ecosystem's balance and aquatic life. Acid rain is formed when chemicals react with water and oxygen, resulting in precipitation that can harm ecosystems, buildings, and living organisms.
Matching each environmental change with its description:
- Chemicals react with water and oxygen that enter water systems → Acid rain
- Nutrients in excessive amounts enter water systems, causing algal bloom → Eutrophication
- A high concentration of toxic chemicals is present in the bodies of animals at the highest trophic levels → Biomagnification