The economic and social conditions were marked by significant disparities in wealth, privilege, and power between these three estates, contributing to widespread discontent among the Third Estate and eventually fueling the French Revolution.
The French society before the French Revolution was divided into three main estates:
First Estate (Clergy): This estate comprised the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. They were exempt from most taxes and held significant power and influence over both the spiritual and political aspects of society. The higher clergy, such as bishops and abbots, lived in luxury, while the lower clergy often faced poverty and worked closely with commoners.
Second Estate (Nobility): The nobility consisted of aristocrats and those born into noble families. They enjoyed various privileges, including exemption from many taxes and holding top positions in the government, military, and the church. The nobility was also segregated into higher and lower tiers, with the higher nobility enjoying immense wealth, while the lower nobility faced financial challenges.
Third Estate (Commoners): This estate encompassed the majority of the population, including peasants, artisans, merchants, and professionals. The conditions varied widely within this estate, from wealthy merchants to impoverished peasants. They bore the burden of heavy taxes, lacked political power, and often faced economic hardship due to unfair taxation and social inequality.
Question
Briefly describe the economic and social conditions of three estates in the French society.