Final answer:
An STD panel includes both urine and blood tests to accurately diagnose various sexually transmitted infections, with tests like urinalysis, serological tests, and nucleic acid tests forming a comprehensive approach.
Step-by-step explanation:
An STD panel typically involves both urine and blood tests to diagnose different sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Blood tests are mainly used to detect the presence of antibodies or antigens associated with specific infections, such as HIV, while urine tests can identify pathogens causing infections in the urogenital system. A urine sample is often used to perform a urinalysis, which can be as simple as using test strips or as complex as microscopic examination and culture. A culture is especially useful to determine the type of bacteria causing an infection and to prescribe the most effective antibiotics. In the case of suspected STIs, collecting a clean catch urine sample is crucial to minimize contamination and improve the accuracy of results.
Serological tests and nucleic acid tests (NAT) complement urine analysis in diagnosing STIs. Nadia's physician collecting samples of her blood, urine, and vaginal discharge indicates that a comprehensive approach is being taken to accurately diagnose any potential infection she may have.