Final answer:
In a diploid organism, the two copies of a chromosome are referred to as A) homologs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that carry the same genes, although they may have different forms of those genes, known as alleles. These pairs of homologous chromosomes make up the genome of the organism. They are not considered gametes, which are the reproductive cells that result from the fusion of gametes during fertilization.
Homologous chromosomes play an important role in the process of meiosis, which is a type of cell division that produces gametes. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over. This genetic exchange contributes to genetic variation in offspring.
In summary, the correct answer is A). homologs because homologous chromosomes represent the two copies of a chromosome in a diploid organism. They consist of pairs of chromosomes that carry the same genes, but may have different alleles. Homologous chromosomes make up the organism's genome and are involved in the process of meiosis.