Final answer:
The major historical periods of ancient Egypt are the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom. A dynasty refers to a series of rulers usually related by kinship or location of their seat of power.
Step-by-step explanation:
In ancient Egyptian history, there are three major periods known as the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom. These periods were separated by Intermediate Periods, which were characterized by political division or external rule.
The Old Kingdom lasted from approximately 2680-2200 BCE, during which the Great Pyramids at Giza were built. The Middle Kingdom existed from 2040-1720 BCE, and the New Kingdom spanned from 1550-1150 BCE and saw the rise of notable figures like Hatshepsut and Tutankhamen.
A dynasty is a term used to describe a series of rulers who usually share kinship or govern from the same location. The concept of dynasties was created by Manetho, an Egyptian priest in the 3rd century BCE, and is used by modern scholars to divide Egyptian history.