Final answer:
The exception among the methods listed is denying delinquent stock the right to vote and be voted upon; this does not enforce payment directly but is a sanction for non-payment. Filing a court action, selling delinquent stock at public auction, and denying cash dividends are direct methods to enforce payment of unpaid stock subscriptions. The correct option is D.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to the various methods an organization can enforce payment of unpaid subscription. Among the options provided, the exception that does not enforce payment, but rather is a consequence of non-payment, is Denying delinquent stock the right to vote and to be voted upon.
This is not a direct method to enforce payment but a repercussion of failing to pay. On the other hand, filing a court action to recover unpaid subscriptions, sale at public auction of delinquent stocks, and denying cash dividends to delinquent stock are direct enforcement actions that can be taken by a company.
When a firm issues stock, it gains financial capital without the responsibility to repay, but this comes with regulatory compliance and accountability to shareholders. If these stocks become delinquent due to non-payment of the subscription amount, the firm has certain measures available to address the issue.