Final answer:
A Bench trial is a type of trial where the verdict is decided solely by the judge, without the presence of a jury.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of trial in which the verdict is decided by the judge is called a Bench trial. In the American legal system, there are different types of trials, such as jury trials, where a group of citizens determines the guilt or innocence of the defendant based on the evidence presented. However, in a bench trial, there is no jury, and the judge acts as the trier of fact, determining guilt or innocence as well as sentencing. This is in contrast to criminal trials where the stakes are higher, and a jury is typically present unless waived by the defendant. Bench trials are more common in civil cases, especially when the dispute involves smaller sums of money, or specific matters like traffic court.
According to the Sixth Amendment, in criminal proceedings, all individuals have the right to a trial by jury to ensure an impartial verdict. Meanwhile, the Seventh Amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in federal civil cases. Nevertheless, many civil disputes may be resolved without a jury at the state level, hence proceeding as bench trials.