Final answer:
The criminal justice system's goals include rehabilitation, punishment, restitution, prevention, and restoration, which align with various crime control approaches. The system's effectiveness is evaluated using cost-benefit analysis to determine the best strategies for crime prevention and justice.
Step-by-step explanation:
The criminal justice system has seven primary goals, including rehabilitation and reintegration, punishment and isolation, restitution and compensation, and monitoring and surveillance. These goals align with the five basic approaches to controlling crime: retribution, incapacitation, prevention, rehabilitation, and restoration. Retribution is about punishing individuals for their past crimes, and incapacitation removes criminals from society to prevent future offenses. Prevention changes the dynamics of committing a crime to deter potential offenders.
Rehabilitation aims to transform offenders into productive members of society through therapy, counseling, educational, and vocational programs. Restoration or restorative justice addresses crime as an injury to the victim, community, and offender, seeking to reconcile all parties involved. Each country incorporates these models to differing extents in their criminal justice systems.
Lastly, the effective functioning of the criminal justice system involves the cooperation of police, courts, and corrections institutions, with different levels of government playing interconnected roles. The effectiveness of various strategies, such as incarceration and diversion programs, is often evaluated within a cost-benefit analysis framework to determine the most beneficial approach to crime reduction.