Final answer:
Adverse health effects with symptoms that develop rapidly are called acute illnesses, which are characterized by a swift onset and progression of symptoms over a short period, unlike chronic illnesses that develop slowly.
Correct option is B. Acute illnesses
Step-by-step explanation:
Adverse health effects with symptoms that develop rapidly are called acute illnesses. An acute illness is characterized by pathologic changes that occur over a short period, such as hours, days, or a few weeks, with a rapid onset of symptoms. This contrasts with chronic illnesses, which develop over an extended period and may not be immediately obvious. Acute illnesses include diseases like influenza, which has an incubation period of 1-2 days and can spread quickly, typically resulting in a rapid decline or improvement in health. Chronic diseases, on the other hand, may not be apparent for years and are often difficult to measure because of their gradual onset and persistence, with examples including long-term exposure to cigarette smoking or moderate alcohol use.
Allergies, however, are caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to normally harmless environmental substances and are separate from the categorization of diseases as acute or chronic. The correct answer to the student's query is B. Acute illnesses.