Final answer:
Jamaica's Independence Day on August 6 marks the nation's freedom from the United Kingdom in 1962. The island's history includes a transition from being a Spanish colony to a significant British colony centered on plantation economies before ultimately achieving full independence, becoming a culturally rich and vibrant nation. The correct answer is 1) United Kingdom
Step-by-step explanation:
On August 6, Jamaica celebrates its Independence Day to commemorate its independence from the United Kingdom, achieved in 1962. The island nation's history of colonization began with the Spanish in the early 16th century, who eradicated the indigenous Taino people and introduced African slaves.
The British took over Jamaica from the Spanish in 1655, transforming its economy around sugar, cocoa, and coffee plantations. After the abolition of slavery in 1834, which freed about 250,000 slaves, Jamaica moved gradually towards self-governance. This culminated in full independence in 1962 after a period of British colonial rule that saw the rise of plantation economies and the struggle for liberation similar to other British colonies like Ghana and Kenya.
Jamaica's rich culture, famous Blue Mountain coffee production, and vibrant tourism industry, as seen during major events like the "Sunshine Showdown" in the 1970s, have contributed to its distinct identity post-independence. Today, the country not only celebrates this accomplishment but also its unique heritage and contribution to global culture.