Final answer:
Specific dosage instructions for medication are known as 'dosage' and involve numerous factors, including patient age and body function. Directly observed therapy (DOT) is a supervised medication administration strategy effective in certain cases, such as TB treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Specific dosage instructions given when prescribing a medication is known as the dosage and route of administration. It is essential for achieving therapeutic drug levels and minimizing toxicity. Considerations for the dosage include the patient's mass, especially in children, where it is a critical factor. Adults, typically those 12 years and older, often receive a standard dose regardless of mass, although variations in body mass might suggest a need for tailored dosing. Liver or kidney dysfunction also plays a significant role in drug metabolism and clearance, potentially impacting drug levels and side effects.
In the context of ensuring adherence to treatment and avoiding overprescription, one strategy used is directly observed therapy (DOT), where medications are administered under supervision. This method has been particularly effective in treating TB and is part of the WHO's strategy for its eradication. However, its applicability to all antibiotics and its practicality raise questions about whether it is the best approach for all treatment regimens. The associated costs, compliance, and enforcement of best practices remain challenging aspects of DOT and antibiotic prescription more broadly.