Final answer:
Indian mathematics originated in the Indus Valley and saw significant developments in the use of decimals, zero, and calculations of π. The numerical system used globally today originated in India and was spread to Europe via the Arab world.
Step-by-step explanation:
Indian mathematics emerged from the Indus Valley. Mathematical knowledge in India has evolved significantly since the times of the Harappa civilization (circa 2500 BCE), where geometry was used for practical applications such as calculating field sizes. By the time of the Gupta period, Indians had made significant advances in mathematics, being the first to use decimals, the concept of zero, and calculating the value of π with high precision. The importance of mathematics was recognized in conjunction with its application to religious rituals during Vedic culture, and also saw great strides during the fifteenth century through the Kerala school of mathematics, which developed trigonometry functions. It's noteworthy that the numerical system used globally today originated in India and was transmitted to Europe through the Arabs, who obtained it from India, therefore the system is often referred to as 'Arabic' numbers in Europe but as 'Indian' numbers in the Middle East.
The origins of Indian mathematics can be traced back to ancient India, specifically the Indus Valley civilization. This civilization, which existed from around 2800 BCE to 1800 BCE, developed advanced mathematical knowledge and techniques. They used math in practical applications such as calculating the size of fields and determining the size of altars for religious rituals.During the Vedic period in India, which began around 2000 BCE, mathematical concepts further developed along with religious beliefs. Indian mathematicians made significant contributions to the field, including the use of decimals, the number zero, and negative numbers. They also beat Pythagoras to his famous theorem and calculated the value of pi with high precision. Trigonometric functions were further developed by a school of mathematics in Kerala in the fifteenth century.