Final answer:
Hieratic numerals and notation are evidence of the Egyptian base 10 number system. They used symbols for record-keeping and commerce, and ancient papyri indicate the use of base 10 for complex mathematical operations. Option A is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The evidence of Egyptian mathematics using a base 10 number system can be seen in their hieratic numerals and notation, a simplified version of the intricate hieroglyphic script used in more mundane purposes such as record-keeping and commercial transactions. Hieratic script employed symbols to represent quantities in a base 10 system, indicating the Egyptians' familiarity with this number system.
The use of base 10 is also evident in the way Egyptians handled geometry and measurement techniques. For instance, the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus shows problems that require calculating the volume of cylindrical granaries and the slope of pyramids, which would have relied on counting in base 10. Furthermore, mathematics like those described in the Berlin Papyrus 6619, which includes a solution to a problem involving the Pythagorean theorem, suggests that Egyptians were adept at using standard base 10 arithmetic to solve complex problems, including quadratic equations.
Considering the historical context and the mathematical operations described, the correct option that serves as evidence of Egyptian mathematics using a base 10 number system is: A) Hieratic Numerals and Notation.