Final answer:
The two common issues in distributed systems are reduced performance due to the overhead of communication between nodes and the complexity of dealing with partial failures of nodes during execution.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common issues in distributed systems frequently revolve around performance and fault tolerance. Amongst these challenges:
- Reduced performance when compared to a single server, due to the overhead associated with coordination and communication between nodes. This often leads to increased latency and can be exacerbated when the nodes are geographically dispersed.
- Partial failure of nodes during execution can lead to inconsistent system behavior, making reliability a key concern. In distributed systems, not all components may fail at once, leading to complex scenarios where parts of the system are operational while others are not, requiring sophisticated fault detection and recovery mechanisms.
Contrary to the claim made in option C, distributed systems are generally designed to scale out rather than up, meaning they are intended to grow horizontally by adding more nodes rather than upgrading existing hardware. As for option B, contemporary distributed systems often utilize discovery services and distributed hash tables that mitigate the difficulty of finding a particular node within the cluster.