Final answer:
A perfect duty is an absolute, strict obligation that must be followed at all times, such as not lying, whereas an imperfect duty is more flexible, often focused on promoting good, like being charitable, and allows for discretion in how it's fulfilled.
Step-by-step explanation:
The difference between a perfect duty and an imperfect duty lies in the nature of the obligations they impose. A perfect duty is one that is strictly binding, it has to be followed without exception, and it typically involves not doing something that violates the rights of others. For instance, the duty not to lie or the duty not to harm others are examples of perfect duties because they are clear, specific, and universally applicable obligations that one must always adhere to.
In contrast, an imperfect duty is one that is more flexible and context-dependent. Imperfect duties allow for interpretation and discretion in how they are fulfilled. These duties are generally positive, requiring us to promote or increase some good. Examples of imperfect duties include the duty to be charitable or the duty to cultivate one's talents. They are considered imperfect because they do not specify exactly when, how, or to what extent one must act, allowing the individual some latitude to determine the best course of action.