Final answer:
Artificial selection occurs when humans select which plants or animals to breed in order to pass on specific traits to the next generation. In natural selection, the most successful and well-adapted individuals within a species are naturally selected by the environment to reproduce and pass on their genes. Dog breeding is an example of artificial selection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Artificial selection occurs when humans select which plants or animals to breed in order to pass on specific traits to the next generation. In this process, humans actively modify plants and animals by selecting and breeding individuals with traits deemed desirable.
On the other hand, natural selection is a process in which the most successful and well-adapted individuals within a species are naturally selected by the environment to reproduce and pass on their genes. In the context of dog breeding, it is an example of artificial selection because humans intentionally breed dogs with specific traits, such as size, temperament, or physical appearance, to create new breeds.