Final answer:
The bakery algorithm ensures each process gets a unique number, with the process having the lowest number being served next, to address the critical section problem in concurrent programming.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the bakery algorithm used to solve the critical section problem, the correct answer is that each process receives a unique number and the one with the lowest number is served next (option d). This algorithm is a well-known protocol designed to ensure that multiple processes can access the critical section without conflict, which is essential in concurrent programming to avoid race conditions.
The bakery algorithm is named for a real-world scenario akin to a bakery where customers take a number to wait in line. When the baker is ready to serve another customer, the one with the lowest number is chosen next. Similarly, this approach is applied to processes where each process attempting to enter the critical section receives a unique number.
Processes are then served based on the ordering of these numbers, ensuring a systematic and orderly access to the shared resource.
In the bakery algorithm, each process receives a unique number and the one with the lowest number is served next. This approach ensures that processes are served in a fair and deterministic manner, as each process is given a turn based on their assigned number. The process with the lowest number gets the chance to enter the critical section first.