Final answer:
The modern synthesis view of evolution combines Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection with Gregor Mendel's principles of inheritance, providing a comprehensive explanation for microevolution and macroevolution. Hence, option (B) is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The modern synthesis view of evolution is the integration of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection and the inheritance principles discovered by Gregor Mendel. While both Darwin and co-proponent of natural selection, Alfred Russel Wallace, lacked an understanding of genetics, it was Mendel's work on plant hybridization that later provided this crucial insight.
Our modern understanding incorporates Mendel's findings on inheritance with Darwin’s and Wallace's insights into natural selection, creating a cohesive theory that explains how evolutionary processes impact a population’s genetic makeup, resulting in microevolution and macroevolution.