Question

For the following statement about a statistical study, identify the following items (if possible). If you can't tell, then say so - this often happens when we hear or read about a survey.

a) The intended population of Interest
b) The population parameter
c) The sampling frame
d) The sample
e) The sampling method, including whether or not randomization was employed
f) Who (if anyone) was left out of the study
g) Any potential sources of bias you can detect and any problems you see in generalizing to the population of interest

Answer 1

In statistical studies, clear definitions of population, sample, parameter, statistic, variable, and data are crucial. These terms inform the methods used to collect, analyze, and generalize findings to a larger group. Correctly identifying these elements ensures the accuracy and validity of the study's conclusions.

Step-by-step explanation:

Understanding Population and Sample in Statistics:

In the context of statistical analysis, distinguishing between the population, sample, parameter, statistic, variable, and data is essential. Understanding the definitions and applications of these terms can greatly enhance the quality of a study's findings and the correctness of its conclusions.

Example for exercise 46:

• a. Population: All clients of the fitness center.
• b. Sample: A subset of the fitness center's clients who are selected for the study.
• c. Parameter: The mean amount of time all clients exercise in the center each week.
• d. Statistic: The mean amount of time the clients in the sample exercise in the center each week.
• e. Variable: The amount of time a client exercises in the center each week.
• f. Data: The actual recorded times that clients exercise in the center each week.

To achieve a representative sample, it is essential to employ a sound sampling method, such as random sampling, which ensures each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen. Likewise, identifying and minimizing potential sources of bias, and understanding the limitations of generalizing results to the larger population, are key to conducting a scientifically valid study.