Final answer:
Penalties for non-compliance with norms or laws are considered formal negative sanctions and can include monetary fines, imprisonment, community service, and warning or reprimand.
Step-by-step explanation:
Penalties for non-compliance with laws and regulations can take various forms, which are aspects of formal negative sanctions. These punishments are implemented to enforce social control and deter individuals from violating norms or laws. Some of the common types of penalties include:
- Monetary fines, which are financial penalties imposed on individuals or organizations.
- Imprisonment, which is used as a means to deterrence and to prevent recidivism.
- Community service, regarded as an effective alternative to incarceration, especially for juveniles.
- Warning or reprimand, often the first step in addressing a minor infraction before more severe punishments are considered.
The enforcement of rules through sanctions is an integral part of legal and social systems, which include both punishment for wrongdoing (negative sanctions) and rewards for compliant behavior (positive sanctions). While informal negative sanctions may consist of disapproval or social ostracism, formal negative sanctions are officially recognized and enforced consequences such as those listed above.