Final answer:
Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the loop of Henle, leading to increased urinary output (diuresis). Adverse effects of loop diuretics include electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, and increased risk of kidney damage.
Step-by-step explanation:
Loop diuretics are drugs used to treat hypertension that inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions in the loop of Henle. This inhibiting effect on ion reabsorption leads to an increase in urinary output, also known as diuresis. Loop diuretics can have adverse effects such as electrolyte imbalances, including low levels of potassium and sodium, which can result in muscle cramps and weakness. They can also cause dehydration and increase the risk of kidney damage in individuals with pre-existing kidney problems.