Final answer:
A centrally organized organization with specified tasks and supervised employees is called a bureaucratic organization. It features a hierarchy of authority and explicit rules. Coercion to join is not a characteristic of bureaucracies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called bureaucratic. A bureaucracy is characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality.
This form of organization can be found in both the public and private sectors, and while efficient for handling complex and large tasks, it can also be prone to issues such as rigidity, waste, and complex rules.
Regarding the multiple-choice question on the characteristics of bureaucracies, coercion to join is not a characteristic of bureaucracies, making option (a) the correct answer.