Final answer:
Katabatic winds form when the ground cools radiatively at night, causing adjacent air to cool and then flow downslope. Sea breezes form when the land heats up faster than the sea, causing cool air to move inland during the day and reverse at night due to differing specific heat capacities of land and sea.
Step-by-step explanation:
Formation of Katabatic Winds and Sea Breezes
To explain the formation of katabatic winds, the correct order of the sentences provided would be:
- The ground cools radiatively.
- The air adjacent to the ground cools.
- The cold, dense air flows downslope.
For sea breezes, the formation during the day occurs because the land heats up more quickly than the sea due to the lower specific heat capacity of sand and concrete compared to water. Thus, the warmer air over the land rises, and cooler air from the sea moves in to replace it. At night, the reverse happens, as the land cools down more rapidly, and warmer air over the sea rises, drawing the cooler land air towards the ocean.
The specific heat capacity of materials plays a substantial role in the formation of these temperature-driven winds. This concept relates closely to thermal energy, where winds arise from the movement of air as the atmosphere attempts to equalize global temperatures. Furthermore, phenomena like sea breezes are driven by convection, and the exchange of thermal energy between different materials with varying capacities to store heat.