Question

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, which of the following criteria must be met for psychologists to use deception in their experiments ?

a Only if the names of participants are kept anonymous
b. The participants are debriefed afterward.
c. They believe the individuals might not be willing to participate
d. They collect stratified samples.

Answer 1

Psychologists may use deception in experiments if participants are debriefed after the study, which includes being provided with complete and honest information about the experiment.

Step-by-step explanation:

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, deception in psychological experiments can be utilized under certain ethical criteria. One key criterion is that participants must be debriefed afterward, where they receive full, honest information about the purpose of the experiment, the use of the collected data, the necessity of the deception used, and how to obtain additional information about the study. Deception must be used only to the extent needed to maintain the integrity of the experiment and must not cause harm. Experimentation involving human subjects also requires informed consent, except in cases where deception is justified to avoid skewing the results.