Final answer:
The brain and nervous system are essential for coordinating muscular movement, encompassing voluntary actions and reflexes, with components like the cerebellum and somatic nervous system ensuring precise control and adjustment of movements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Coordination of Muscular Movement by the Brain and Nervous System
The brain and nervous system play a crucial role in coordinating muscular movement. Voluntary movements are initiated by the motor system, involving the motor cortex, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, which project signals to the spinal cord and muscles.
The cerebellum compares the intended movement with the actual position of the body, using proprioceptive feedback, and makes adjustments through the red nucleus and rubrospinal tract if there is a discrepancy between the motor commands and the body's position. The somatic nervous system is responsible for the deliberate actions like playing an instrument, where the brain sends instructions to motor neurons to control fine movements.
Moreover, the cerebellum aids in procedural learning such as riding a bike or playing sports, by serving as a comparator for voluntary movements. Reflexes are another aspect of the nervous system, being either deep tendon or superficial skin based, which differentiate motor disorders and contribute to muscle coordination. The overall process involves continuous bidirectional communication between the brain and muscles, ensuring precise and coordinated movement.