Final answer:
Albert Bandura proposed the social learning theory, which focuses on observational learning. It describes how people learn by observing others and the outcomes of others' behaviors, highlighting key experiments such as the Bobo doll experiment. Bandura also introduced reciprocal determinism, which explains the interaction between behavior, thought processes, and context.
Step-by-step explanation:
Albert Bandura proposed the social learning theory, which emphasizes that learning often occurs through the observation of others. This form of learning is known as observational learning. Bandura's theory suggests that individuals learn behaviors and values by observing others, particularly when they see a model being reinforced or punished for certain behaviors. Through this process, individuals learn what is acceptable within their culture and which behaviors may result in negative consequences. One of Bandura's crucial experiments supporting his theory was the Bobo doll experiment, in which he studied children's imitation of adult behavior towards an inflatable doll. The outcomes of this experiment led to the understanding that both prosocial and antisocial behavior could be learned via observation.
Additionally, Bandura introduced the concept of reciprocal determinism, suggesting that behavior, cognitive processes, and the situational context all interact and influence each other. Bandura's comprehensive view of learning includes cognitive elements, differentiating it from strict behaviorist approaches and allowing for the understanding of complex learning without direct reinforcement.