Final answer:
E-to-P expectancies are based on the belief that one can successfully complete a task; this is true and is closely connected to the concept of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is essential for motivation and can influence behavior, goal-setting, and the likelihood of completing challenging tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
E-to-P (Expectancy to Performance) expectancies are indeed influenced by an individual's belief that they can successfully complete the task. This concept is true, as individual beliefs about capabilities and performance are closely tied to self-efficacy.
Self-Efficacy and Expectancies
Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their own capability to complete tasks and is highly influential in the expectancy-performance relationship. Albert Bandura theorized that a strong sense of self-efficacy motivates behavior, as individuals with high self-efficacy are more likely to take on challenging tasks and persevere through setbacks. This concept aligns with 10.a which identifies self-efficacy as your level of confidence in your own abilities.
Impact of Expectancies
The theory of expectancies extends beyond self-efficacy to behaviors motivated by needs such as achievement, affiliation, and intimacy. Expectancies shape our behavior by influencing the goals we set for ourselves. When we predict human behavior, as in question 8.c, we are stating what an individual is likely to do, and these predictions are based in part on our expectancies for that person's behavior.