Question

Which of the following refers to motivation that occurs when people want to engage in an activity for instrumental reasons, that is, to receive something that is beyond their personal control?

a. Positive organizational behaviour
b. Intrinsic motivation
c. Extrinsic motivation
d. Competence
e. Autonomy

Answer 1

Extrinsic motivation refers to motivation driven by external factors, such as rewards or punishments.

Step-by-step explanation:

c. Extrinsic motivation.

Extrinsic motivation involves engaging in an activity to obtain external rewards or to avoid punishments. This can include factors like monetary rewards, recognition, or social approval. Unlike intrinsic motivation (option b), which is driven by internal factors such as personal enjoyment or satisfaction, extrinsic motivation is influenced by external incentives. The concepts of competence (option d) and autonomy (option e) are related to the self-determination theory of motivation. Competence involves feeling effective and capable in one's actions, while autonomy relates to having a sense of control and choice in one's behavior. Positive organizational behavior (option a) encompasses various aspects of positive psychology and behavior in the workplace, and while it is related to motivation, it is a broader concept that includes factors beyond the motivational domain.

Answer 2

Extrinsic motivation refers to behaviors motivated by external rewards, such as money or praise. This contrasts with intrinsic motivation, which is driven by personal satisfaction and enjoyment. Extrinsic factors can sometimes decrease intrinsic motivation, changing how an activity is perceived.

Step-by-step explanation:

The type of motivation that occurs when people engage in an activity for instrumental reasons, such as to receive something beyond their personal control, is extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation involves behaviors performed to receive something from others, unlike intrinsic motivation, which is about personal satisfaction. For instance, if someone works to get paid, praises, or any sort of external rewards, they are being extrinsically motivated. This form of motivation can sometimes lead to a decrease in intrinsic motivation, a phenomenon known as the overjustification effect. The effect can change how a person views an activity that they initially engaged in for personal enjoyment.

Considering the educational context provided, students who feel a sense of belonging and autonomy in the classroom are more likely to be intrinsically motivated. On the other hand, those who are pursuing education primarily for external rewards (such as a better job or parental approval) exhibit extrinsic motivation.