Final answer:
A government subsidy is a form of financial assistance provided by the government to businesses or individuals. Examples of subsidies include tax breaks, government equity participation, low-interest loans, and cash grants. Ad valorem tariffs, on the other hand, are not examples of subsidies.
Step-by-step explanation:
A government subsidy is a form of financial assistance provided by the government to businesses or individuals. It can take various forms, such as tax breaks, government equity participation, low-interest loans, cash grants, and ad valorem tariffs. However, ad valorem tariffs are not examples of subsidies, but rather a type of import tax imposed on goods based on their value.