Final answer:
The Push-Up Test targets the fitness component of Muscular Strength and Endurance, measuring the upper body's ability to exert force and sustain activity over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fitness component targeted by the Push-Up Test is C) Muscular Strength and Endurance. This test assesses the ability of the upper body muscles to exert force (muscular strength) and to continue to perform without fatigue over time (muscular endurance). The test involves performing push-ups to measure upper body muscular strength and endurance by counting the number of repetitions one can complete without rest.
Exercise can be categorized into three types based on their effects on the body: aerobic exercises enhance cardiovascular health and muscular endurance, anaerobic exercises build muscle strength, and flexibility exercises improve the range of motion and help prevent injuries.