Final answer:
Mansa Musa is renowned for his immense wealth, lavish hajj to Mecca, and transformative contributions to the Mali Empire, most notably in the realms of architecture, education, and trade.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mansa Musa is famously known for his extraordinary wealth, extensive pilgrimage to Mecca, and his contributions to establishing Mali as a significant empire during his reign from 1312 to 1337. Musa expanded the Mali Empire to extraordinary limits, incorporating regions such as Timbuktu and stretching to the Atlantic Ocean, doubling the size of the empire that came before it. He is renowned for his lavish caravan on his hajj to Mecca in 1324, which included 60,000 men, 12,000 slaves carrying gold bars, and numerous camels and elephants. His generosity in distributing gold led to large-scale inflation in Cairo, which reportedly lasted 12 years. Upon his return, he invested in the infrastructure of Mali, building mosques and promoting education, transforming cities like Timbuktu into centers of learning and commerce.