Final answer:
The African National Congress (ANC) is a political organization in South Africa that fought against apartheid. Nelson Mandela, its most famous leader, became South Africa's first Black president in 1994. The ANC played a crucial role in the transition from apartheid to a democratic South Africa.
Step-by-step explanation:
The African National Congress & Nelson Mandela
The African National Congress (ANC) is a significant political organization in South Africa. It was founded as a national liberation movement which played a central role in the struggle against the apartheid regime, which enforced racial segregation and oppression in South Africa for decades. Initially, the ANC adopted peaceful protest strategies, but after the Sharpeville massacre in 1960 and subsequent banning of the ANC, the movements grew to include acts of sabotage and armed resistance.
The ANC was founded in South Africa and is most famously associated with Nelson Mandela, one of its most remarkable leaders. Mandela was in the forefront of the anti-apartheid movement, and after spending twenty-seven years in prison, he emerged to become the first Black president of South Africa in 1994, marking a historical transition to democracy and the end of apartheid.
Under the presidency of F. W. De Klerk, the apartheid system began to be dismantled, leading to the first all-inclusive elections in South Africa. The role of the ANC was pivotal in achieving political reform and fostering racial reconciliation. Mandela, due to his leadership in the ANC and his endurance and magnanimism, became an international symbol of resistance against oppression and a beacon for equality and human rights.