Final answer:
Africa's move towards multiparty politics in the 1990s was driven by global trends, the end of the Cold War, internal desires for democratic institutions, accountability, economic development, and human rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reasons for Africa's embrace of multiparty politics in the 1990s are multifaceted. In part, it stemmed from a global trend of declining political party strength and a shift towards promoting democratic institutions. Additionally, the end of the Cold War reduced the bipolar political pressures, while advancements in communication and transportation linked Africa more closely with global markets, contributing to political consciousness. The internal dynamics of African nations, such as the history of corruption, military takeovers, and a young population eager for development opportunities and political representation, also played significant roles. For instance, the history of corruption in countries like Ghana shaped postcolonial politics, leading to demands for more accountability and broader political participation.
Moreover, the legacy of artificially drawn national boundaries during the Scramble for Africa by European powers, which did not consider the ethnic and cultural divisions of the African peoples, led to internal conflicts and a push towards governance that would better reflect diverse groups and interests. The desire for economic and social development and the protection of human rights further drove the move to embrace multiparty systems as means to achieve these goals.