Final answer:
Astrocytes are the neuroglia responsible for controlling the chemical environment around neurons, buffering potassium, and recapturing neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. So, correct answer is (A).
Step-by-step explanation:
Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters are astrocytes. Astrocytes, with their distinctive star shape, are a pivotal component of the central nervous system. They serve various functions which include regulating ion concentration in the intercellular space, and the uptake and breakdown of neurotransmitters.
Furthermore, they are responsible for the formation of the blood-brain barrier, a significant membrane that separates the circulatory system from the brain, thereby protecting the neural environment.
Unlike astrocytes, oligodendrocytes are responsible for the production of myelin in the central nervous system, microglia protect against infection, and Schwann cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system. These distinct roles highlight the specialized functions of different types of neuroglia within the nervous system.
Astrocytes are the neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters. They are abundant in the central nervous system and have many functions, including regulating ion concentration, breaking down neurotransmitters, and forming the blood-brain barrier.