Final answer:
The North's well-established government gave it a distinct advantage at the beginning of the Civil War. The North had a larger population, better industrial capabilities, a more extensive railroad grid, and sufficient food supplies.
Step-by-step explanation:
In response to which statement is true in describing an advantage held by one side at the beginning of the Civil War, the correct option is c) The North's well-established government gave it a distinct advantage. The Union had various advantages including a larger population, greater industrial capabilities, extensive railroad grid, and abundant food supplies from its farms.
These facts underline the North's superior ability to mobilize men and supplies for the war effort, as opposed to the agricultural focus of the South that caused food shortages. The pre-war Industrial Revolution and transportation improvements solidified the North's infrastructure and preparation for a large-scale conflict.