Final answer:
TNT explosions are powerful due to their rapid decomposition into gaseous products and the highly exothermic nature of this reaction, releasing large volumes of hot gases and heat.
Step-by-step explanation:
TNT (trinitrotoluene) explosions are so powerful because of the rapid decomposition of the substance into several gaseous products.
When TNT detonates, it decomposes as follows: 2 C₇H₅N₃O₆ → 3 N₂ + 5 H₂O + 12 CO + 2 C, resulting in a massive release of energy. This reaction is highly exothermic, producing not only a large volume of hot gases but also a significant amount of heat. The solid or liquid phases of TNT have lower activation energies, making it easier to detonate and unleash its powerful force.
Furthermore, the properties of TNT make it favorable for use in military and industrial applications. TNT's insensitivity to shock and friction, as well as its chemical stability under various environmental conditions, add to its effectiveness as an explosive. TNT can also be mixed with oxygen-rich compounds to increase the energy yield per kilogram, making it even more powerful.