Final answer:
The improbability of life-permitting constants arises from the fine-tuning of fundamental constants in the universe, which allows for the existence of life as we know it.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of life-permitting constants being improbable is related to the anthropic principle in physics.
The anthropic principle suggests that the physical laws we observe must be what they are because they allow for the existence of humans.
In other words, the values of certain fundamental constants and parameters in our universe are fine-tuned to make life possible.
For example, if the gravitational constant were much stronger, stars would be smaller and their lifetimes would be too short for life to develop.
On the other hand, if gravity were weaker, stars would be too large and unstable.
The balance of these constants allows for the development of complex systems and life on Earth.
In summary, the improbability of life-permitting constants arises from the fine-tuning of fundamental constants in the universe, which allows for the existence of life as we know it.