Final answer:
Socialist parties in Europe differed in their approach to change, with some advocating for revolution and others for democratic reform. This caused divisions, particularly evident during World War I when patriotism led to a split between socialists and communists. A common goal among early 19th-century political philosophers was social ownership to combat inequality.
Step-by-step explanation:
An important difference between socialist parties in Europe was their approach to change. Some socialist parties advocated for a revolutionary change, while others pursued a more gradual democratic approach. This practical split can be seen in the history of these parties, where some aligned with social welfare and democratic reforms, and others strictly adhered to revolutionary Marxism.
This divide among socialist parties echoed throughout various historical events. For example, the outbreak of World War I saw socialist parties shifting from international solidarity to national patriotism, spurring a chasm within the movement. Radical socialists, who opposed the war, separated from the main socialist parties, forming new communist factions, whereas the original socialist parties supported their nations in the war effort.
The shared goal among many political philosophers at the beginning of the 19th century, however, was the concept of social ownership, wherein the means of production would be owned collectively by the people. This contrasted with laissez-faire economic principles and aimed to address widespread poverty and inequality.