Final answer:
A reducing chemical reaction involves the gain of electrons, known as reduction. This results in a decrease in the oxidation number of the substance that gains electrons.
Correct option is a. Gains electrons
Step-by-step explanation:
In a reducing chemical reaction, reduction occurs as a substance gains one or more electrons. This gain of electrons is fundamental to reduction reactions and is reflected in the decrease of the substance's oxidation number. The process can also involve the gain of hydrogen or the loss of oxygen, further emphasizing the alteration in electron distribution. Reduction is often associated with the addition of electrons, symbolizing a shift toward a more electron-rich state.
This electron transfer is integral in various biochemical and chemical processes, contributing to the stability and reactivity of molecules. Understanding reduction is essential in the broader context of redox (oxidation-reduction) reactions, where the counterpart process, oxidation, involves the loss of electrons. Together, these complementary processes govern electron flow in chemical reactions, influencing the behavior and transformation of diverse substances.